The development and validation of Spatial Methodology Appraisal of Research Tool (SMART): A concept mapping study.

Abstract

This study developed and validated the Spatial Methodology Appraisal of Research Tool (SMART) using group concept mapping with discipline experts. The 16-item tool comprises four domains: (1) methods preliminaries, (2) data quality, (3) spatial data problems, and (4) spatial analysis methods. Validity testing demonstrated excellent content validity and expert agreement. Future studies will assess its usability and reliability to ensure consistent results. Its application in spatial epidemiology and health geography will enable more rigorous and transparent evidence synthesis. This contribution represents a significant step forward in improving the standards of quality appraisal in spatial research.