Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/11054/1230
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dc.contributorCheah, Agness Loo Yeeen_US
dc.contributorCheng, Allen C.en_US
dc.contributorSpelman, Denisen_US
dc.contributorNation, Roger L.en_US
dc.contributorKong, David C. M.en_US
dc.contributorMcBryde, Emma S.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2018-10-26T01:16:59Z-
dc.date.available2018-10-26T01:16:59Z-
dc.date.issued2018-
dc.identifier.govdoc01202en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11054/1230-
dc.description.abstractBackground: Clinical studies and mathematical simulation suggest that active surveillance with contact isolation is associated with reduced vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) prevalence compared to passive surveillance. Models using pre- and post-intervention data that account for the imperfect observation and serial dependence of VRE transmission events can better estimate the effectiveness of active surveillance and subsequent contact isolation; however, such analyses have not been performed. Methods: A mathematical model was fitted to surveillance data collected pre- and post-implementation of active surveillance with contact isolation in the haematology-oncology ward. We developed a Hidden Markov Model to describe undetected and observed VRE colonisation/infection status based on the detection activities in the ward. Bayesian inference was used to estimate transmission rates. The effectiveness of active surveillance was assumed to be via increased detection and subsequent contact isolation of VRE positive patients. Results: We estimated that 31% (95% credible interval: 0.33–85%) of the VRE transmissions were due to cross-transmission between patients. The ratio of transmission rates from patients with contact isolation versus those without contact isolation was 0.33 (95% credible interval: 0.050–1.22). Conclusions: The majority of the VRE acquisitions in the haematology-oncology ward was estimated to be due to background rates of VRE, rather than within ward patient to patient acquisition. The credible interval for cross-transmission was wide which results in a large degree of uncertainty in the estimates. Factors that could account for background VRE acquisition include endogenous acquisition from antibiotic selection pressure and VRE in the environment. Contact isolation was not significantly associated with reduced VRE transmission in settings where the majority of VRE acquisition was due to background acquisition, emphasising the need to identify and address the source of acquisition. As the credible interval for the ratio of VRE transmission in contact isolated versus non-contact isolated patients crossed 1, there is a probability that the transmission rate in contact isolation was not lower. Our finding highlights the need to optimise infection control measures other than active surveillance for VRE and subsequent contact isolation to reduce VRE transmission. Such measures could include antimicrobial stewardship, environmental cleaning, and hand hygiene.en_US
dc.description.provenanceSubmitted by Gemma Siemensma (gemmas@bhs.org.au) on 2018-10-26T01:16:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BMC Infectious Disease. Loaded with thirs party permission..pdf: 899395 bytes, checksum: a643e50245aa3a3eecb939d3af9fe408 (MD5)en
dc.description.provenanceApproved for entry into archive by Gemma Siemensma (gemmas@bhs.org.au) on 2018-10-26T01:16:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BMC Infectious Disease. Loaded with thirs party permission..pdf: 899395 bytes, checksum: a643e50245aa3a3eecb939d3af9fe408 (MD5)en
dc.description.provenanceMade available in DSpace on 2018-10-26T01:16:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BMC Infectious Disease. Loaded with thirs party permission..pdf: 899395 bytes, checksum: a643e50245aa3a3eecb939d3af9fe408 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018en
dc.titleMathematical modelling of vancomycin-resistant enterococci transmission during passive surveillance and active surveillance with contact isolation highlights the need to identify and address the source of acquisition.en_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.type.specifiedArticleen_US
dc.bibliographicCitation.titleBMC Infectious Diseasesen_US
dc.bibliographicCitation.volume18en_US
dc.bibliographicCitation.stpage511en_US
dc.subject.healththesaurusMATHEMATICAL MODELLINGen_US
dc.subject.healththesaurusVANCOMYCIN RESISTENT ENTEROCOCCIen_US
dc.subject.healththesaurusACTIVE SURVEILLANCEen_US
dc.subject.healththesaurusPREVENTIONen_US
dc.subject.healththesaurusNON RINSE CHLORHEXIDINE SKIN CLENSINGen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3388-yen_US
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